Question: 6 -

Statements: No bat is ball. No ball is wicket.

Conclusions:

1. No bat is wicket.
2. All wickets are bats.

Only conclusion I follows

Only conclusion II follows

Either I or II follows

Neither I nor II follows

Answer:

Neither I nor II follows

Solution:

Since both the premises are negative, no definite conclusion follows. 

Question: 7 -

Statements: All flowers are trees. No fruit is tree.

Conclusions:

1. No fruit is flower.
2. Some trees are flowers.

Only conclusion II follows

Only conclusion I follows

Neither I nor II follows

Both I and II follow

Answer:

Both I and II follow

Solution:

As discussed above, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No flower is fruit'. I is the converse of this conclusion and thus it follows. II is the converse of the first premise and so it also holds. 

Question: 8 -

Statements: All roads are waters. Some waters are boats.

Conclusions:

1. Some boats are roads.
2. All waters are boats.

Neither I nor II follows

Either I or II follows

Only conclusion II follows

Only conclusion I follows

Answer:

Neither I nor II follows

Solution:

The first premise is A type and distributes the subject. So, the middle term 'waters' which forms its predicate, is not distributed. The second premise is I type and does not distribute either subject or predicate. So, the middle term 'waters' forming its subject is not distributed. Since the middle term is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. 

Question: 9 -

Statements: Every minister is a student. Every student is inexperienced.

Conclusions:

1. Every minister is inexperienced.
2. Some inexperienced are students.

Both I and II follow

Only conclusion I follows

Neither I nor II follows

Only conclusion II follows

Answer:

Both I and II follow

Solution:

'Every' is equivalent to 'All'. Thus, since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, I follows. II is the converse of the second premise and thus it also holds. 

Question: 10 -

Statements: All roads are poles. No pole is a house.

Conclusions:

1. Some roads are houses.
2. Some houses are poles.

Only conclusion I follows

Neither I nor II follows

Both I and II follow

Only conclusion II follows

Answer:

Neither I nor II follows

Solution:

Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative. So, neither I nor II follows.