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Quiz: Logical Deduction - Section 1

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Number of Questions: 25

Question: 1 -

Statements: All bags are cakes. All lamps are cakes.

Conclusions:

  1. Some lamps are bags.
  2. No lamp is bag.

Options:

  1. Only conclusion I follows

  2. Neither I nor II follows

  3. Only conclusion II follows

  4. Either I or II follows

    5. Answer:

    Either I or II follows
    Solution:

    Since the middle term 'cakes' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows. However, I and II involve only the extreme terms and form a complementary pair. So, either I or II follows.

Question: 2 -

Statements: No women teacher can play. Some women teachers are athletes.

Conclusions:

  1. Male athletes can play.
  2. Some athletes can play.

Options:

  1. Only conclusion I follows

  2. Neither I nor II follows

  3. Only conclusion II follows

  4. Either I or II follows

    5. Answer:

    Neither I nor II follows
    Solution:

    Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. So, neither conclusion follows.

Question: 3 -

Statements: Some kings are queens. All queens are beautiful.

Conclusions:

  1. All kings are beautiful.
  2. All queens are kings.

Options:

  1. Either I or II follows

  2. Only conclusion I follows

  3. Neither I nor II follows

  4. Only conclusion II follows

    5. Answer:

    Neither I nor II follows
    Solution:

    Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular. So, neither I nor II follows.

Question: 4 -

Statements: All mangoes are golden in colour. No golden-coloured things are cheap.

Conclusions:

  1. All mangoes are cheap.
  2. Golden-coloured mangoes are not cheap.

Options:

  1. Only conclusion I follows

  2. Only conclusion II follows

  3. Neither I nor II follows

  4. Either I or II follows

    5. Answer:

    Only conclusion II follows
    Solution:

    Clearly, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No mango is cheap'. Since all mangoes are golden in colour, we may substitute 'mangoes' with 'golden-coloured mangoes'. Thus, II follows.

Question: 5 -

Statements: Some doctors are fools. Some fools are rich.

Conclusions:

  1. Some doctors are rich
  2. Some rich are doctors.

Options:

  1. Neither I nor II follows

  2. Only conclusion I follows

  3. Only conclusion II follows

  4. Either I or II follows

    5. Answer:

    Neither I nor II follows
    Solution:

    Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.